Africa & Sinai Peninsula
Pharaohs of Egypt
Excerpted from Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia.
Pharaoh is a title used
to refer to the kings (of godly
status) in ancient Egypt.
The term derives from the words
pr-o, meaning Great House.
It was not commonly used by the
Egyptians themselves to refer to
their monarchs, but is frequently
used by modern historians due to
its use in the Bible, especially
the Book of Exodus.
NB: the dates given must be regarded
in most instances as approximate.
Dating systems for Egyptian studies
are quite various, depending on
how they are constructed and what
assumptions are used. What is presented
below is one such interpretation,
but it is assuredly not the only
one.
See also: Egyptian chronology, Conventional
Egyptian chronology.
Lower
Egypt, known as the Black Land,
consisted of the northern Nile
and the Nile Delta.
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Tiu |
- |
? |
Thesh |
- |
? |
Hsekiu |
- |
? |
Wazner |
- |
c. 3050 ? |
Upper
Egypt, known as the Red Land,
consisted of the southern Nile
and the deserts.
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Ro |
- |
? |
"Scorpion of Egypt" |
- |
c. 3150 |
Narmer |
- |
c. 3050 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Hor-Aha |
Menes
in earlier lists |
c. 3050 BCE |
Djer |
- |
57 years |
Merneith |
Regent for Djet |
- |
Djet |
- |
- |
Den |
- |
14 to 20 years |
Anedjib |
- |
26 years |
Semerkhet |
- |
9 to 18 years |
Qa'a |
- |
2916 ?-2890 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Hotepsekhemwy |
- |
2890- ? |
Raneb |
- |
39 years |
Nynetjer |
- |
47 years |
Seth-Peribsen |
- |
17 years |
Khasekhemy |
- |
? -2686 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Sanakhte |
- |
2686-2668 |
Djoser |
Commissioned the Step Pyramid
designed by Imhotep |
2668-2649 |
Sekhemkhet |
- |
2649-2643 |
Khaba |
- |
2643-2637 |
Huni |
- |
2637-2613 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Sneferu |
Built two pyramids, incl. the
"bent pyramid" |
2613-2589 |
Khufu
(Cheops) |
Commissioned one of the Great
Pyramids at Giza |
2589-2566 |
Djedefre |
- |
2566-2558 |
Khafre (Chephren) |
- |
2558-2532 |
Menkaure (Mycerinus) |
- |
2532-2504 |
Shepseskaf |
- |
2504-2500 |
Dedefptah |
- |
2500-2498 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Userkaf |
- |
2498-2491 |
Sahure |
- |
2487-2477 |
Neferirkare Kakai |
- |
2477-2467 |
Shepseskare Isi |
- |
2467-2460 |
Neferefre |
- |
2460-2453 |
Nyuserre Ini |
- |
2453-2422 |
Menkauhor Kaiu |
- |
2422-2414 |
Djedkare Isesi |
- |
2414-2375 |
Unas |
- |
2375-2345 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Teti |
- |
2345-2333 |
Userkare |
- |
2333-2332 |
Pepi I Meryre |
- |
2332-2283 |
Merenre Nemtyemsaf |
- |
2283-2278 |
Pepi II Neferkare |
- |
2278-2184 |
Merenre Antyemsaf II |
- |
2184 |
Netjerykare |
- |
2184-2183 |
Menkare |
- |
2183-2181 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Neferkare I |
- |
2181- ? |
Neferkare Neby |
- |
? |
Djedure Shemai |
- |
? |
Neferkare Khendu |
- |
? |
Neferkamin |
- |
? |
Nykare |
- |
? |
Neferkare Tereru |
- |
? |
Neferkahor |
- |
? -2173 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Wadjkare Pepysonbe |
- |
2173-2169 |
Neferkamin Anu |
- |
2169-2167 |
Qakare Ibi |
- |
2167-2163 |
Neferkare II |
- |
2163-2162 |
Neferkauhor Kapuibi |
- |
2162-2161 |
Neferirkare |
- |
2161-2160 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Meryibre Khety (Achthoes I) |
- |
2160- ? |
--- |
- |
? |
Neferkare III |
- |
? |
Nebkaure (Acthoes II) |
- |
? |
Setut |
- |
? |
--- |
- |
? |
Mery--- |
- |
? |
--- |
- |
? |
H--- |
- |
? |
--- |
- |
? |
--- |
- |
? |
--- |
- |
? |
User--- |
- |
? -2130 |
The X Dynasty was a local group
that held sway over Upper Egypt.
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Meryhathor |
- |
2130- ? |
Neferkare IV |
- |
? |
Wankare (Acthoes III) |
- |
? |
Merykare |
- |
? |
--- |
- |
? -2040 |
The XI Dynasty was a local group
with roots in Lower Egypt.
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Intef I |
- |
2134-2117 |
Intef II |
- |
2117-2069 |
Intef III |
- |
2069-2060 |
Nebhetepre Mentuhotep I |
Gained all Egypt 2040, Middle
Kingdom begins. |
2060-2010 |
Sankhkare Mentuhotep II |
- |
2010-1998 |
Nebtawyre Mentuhotep III |
- |
1997-1991 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Amenemhet I |
- |
1991-1962 |
Senusret I (Sesostris I) |
- |
1971-1926 |
Amenemhet II |
- |
1929-1895 |
Senusret II (Sesostris II) |
- |
1897-1878 |
Senusret III (Sesostris III) |
- |
1878-1841 |
Amenemhet III |
- |
1842-1797 |
Amenemhet IV |
- |
1798-1786 |
Sobeknefru |
A rare female ruler. |
1785-1782 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Sobkhotep I |
- |
1786- ? (5+ yrs.) |
Senbuef |
- |
3 or more yrs. |
Sehetepibre |
- |
c. 1770-1769 |
Ameny Intef IV (Amenemhet V) |
- |
? -1760 |
>Amu Sihornerjheryotef |
- |
? |
Renseneb |
- |
4 mo. in c. 1760 |
Hor |
- |
c. 1760 |
Sobekhotep II (Amenemhet VI) |
- |
c. 1750 |
Ugaf |
- |
2 years |
Senusret IV |
- |
? |
Khendjer |
- |
4 yrs, incl. c. 1747 |
Semenkhkare |
- |
? |
Sobekemsaf I |
- |
? |
Sobekhotep III |
- |
c. 1745 |
Neferhotep I |
- |
1741-1730 |
Sobekhotep IV |
- |
1730-1720 |
Merneferre Ai |
- |
c. 1720 |
Neferhotep II |
- |
? |
Dudimose I |
- |
c. 1674 |
Dudimose II |
- |
? |
Senebmiu |
- |
? |
Mentuhotep V |
- |
? |
Senaayeb |
- |
? |
The XIV Dynasty was a local group
from the eastern Delta, based at
Xois (Avaris).
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Nehesy |
- |
c. 1705 |
Khakherewre ? |
- |
? |
Nebefawre |
- |
c. 1704 |
Sehebre ? |
- |
? |
Merdjefare |
- |
c. 1699 |
Sewadjkare ? |
- |
? |
Nebdjefare> |
- |
c. 1694 |
Webenre ? |
- |
? |
? |
- |
? |
---djefare ? |
- |
? |
---webenre> |
- |
c. 1690 |
The source provides an additional
25 names, some fragmented, and no
dates. None are attested to elsewhere,
and all are of very dubious provenance.
The XV Dynasty arose from among
the Hyskos people: desert Bedouins
who emerged out of the Fertile Crescent
to establish a short-lived governance
over much of the Nile region.
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Sheshi |
Ruled either 1 or 3 years |
1674- ? |
Yakubher |
- |
8 years |
Khyan |
- |
? |
Apepi I |
- |
40 years or more |
Apepi II |
- |
? |
Khamudy |
- |
? -1567 |
The XVI Dynasty was a local group
based on the north coast of the Sinai
(Pelusium).
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Anather |
- |
1663- ? |
Yakobaam |
- |
? |
Some sources include as many
as six more names (Semqen, Khauserre,
Seket, Ahetepre, Amu, and Nebkhepeshre
(Apepi III)) - none are attested
to elsewhere. This group seems to
have disappeared entirely by 1555
BC.
The XVII Dynasty was based in
Upper Egypt.
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Rehotep |
- |
1650- ? |
Intef V the Elder |
- |
3 years |
Intef VI |
- |
? |
Sobekemsaf II |
- |
16 years |
Thuty |
- |
1 year |
Mentuhotep VI |
- |
1 year |
Nebiryerawet I |
- |
6 years |
Nebiryerawet II |
- |
? |
Semenmedjatre |
- |
? |
Seuserenre |
- |
12 years |
Shedwast |
- |
? |
Intef VII |
- |
3 or more years |
Senakhtenre> |
- |
? |
Tao I the Elder |
- |
c. 1633 |
Tao II the Brave |
- |
c. 1574 |
Kamose |
- |
1573-1570 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Ahmose, Ahmosis I |
Successor to Kamose, above. |
1570-1546 |
Amenhotep I |
- |
1551-1524 |
Djehutymes I (Tuthmosis I) |
- |
1525-1518 |
Djehutymes II (Tuthmosis II) |
- |
1518-1504 |
Djehutymes III (Tuthmosis III) |
- |
1503-1450 |
Hatshepsut |
A rare female ruler |
1498-1483 |
Amenhotep II |
- |
1453-1419 |
Djehutymes IV (Tuthmosis IV) |
- |
1419-1386 |
Amenhotep III |
- |
1386-1349 |
Amenhotep IV Akhnaten |
Founder of brief period of monotheism
Aten |
1350-1334 |
Smenkhkare |
- |
1336-1334 |
Tutankhamun |
- |
1334-1325 |
Kheperkheprure Ai |
- |
1325-1321 |
Horemheb |
Former General and advisor to
Tutankhamun |
1321-1293 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Rameses I |
- |
1293-1291 |
Seti I |
- |
1291-1278 |
Rameses II the Great |
The ruler usually associated
with Moses |
1279-1212 |
Merneptah |
- |
1212-1202 |
Amenemses |
- |
1202-1199 |
Seti II |
- |
1199-1193 |
Merneptah Siptah |
- |
1193-1187 |
Twosret |
A rare female ruler |
1187-1185 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Setnakhte |
- |
1185-1182 |
Rameses III |
- |
1182-1151 |
Rameses IV |
- |
1151-1145 |
Rameses V |
- |
1145-1141 |
Rameses VI |
- |
1141-1133 |
Rameses VII |
- |
1133-1126 |
Rameses VIII |
- |
1126 |
Rameses IX |
- |
1126-1108 |
Rameses X |
- |
1108-1098 |
Rameses XI |
- |
1098-1070 |
While not regarded as a dynasty
per se, these theocrats
were nevertheless of such power
and influence that they were effectively
the rulers of Upper Egypt.
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Herihor |
- |
1080-1074 |
Piankh |
- |
1074-1070 |
Pinedjem I |
- |
1070-1045 |
Masaherta |
- |
1045-992 |
Nesbanebdjed II |
- |
992-990 |
Pinedjem II |
- |
990-969 |
Pasebakhaennuit III |
- |
969-945 |
Tanitic. A relatively weak group
- theoretically rulers of all Egypt,
but in practice only influential
in Lower Egypt.
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Nesbanebdjed I |
- |
1069-1043 |
Amenemnisu |
- |
1043-1039 |
Pasebakhaenniut I |
- |
1039-991 |
Amenemope |
- |
993-984 |
Osorkon the Elder |
- |
984-978 |
Siamun |
- |
978-959 |
Pasebakhaenniut II |
- |
959-945 |
The pharaohs of the XXII Dynasty
were Libyans.
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Sheshonq I |
- |
945-924 |
Osorkon II |
- |
924-889 |
Sheshonq II |
- |
890-890/889 |
Takelot I |
- |
889-874 |
Harsiese |
A rebel, at Thebes |
870-860 |
Osorkon II |
- |
874-850 |
Takelot II |
- |
850-825 |
Sheshonq III |
- |
825-773 |
Pami |
- |
773-767 |
Sheshonk IV |
- |
767-730 |
Osorkon IV |
- |
730-715 |
The XXIII Dynasty was a local
group, of Libyan origin, based at
Leontopolis.
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Pedibastet |
- |
818-793 |
Sheshonq |
- |
792-787 |
Osorkon III |
- |
787-759 |
Takelot III |
- |
764-757 |
Rudamon |
- |
757-754 |
Iuput |
- |
764-715 |
Not reckoned a dynasty as such,
the Libu were yet another group
of western nomads (Libyans) who
occupied the western Delta for a
time.
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Inamunnifnebu |
- |
800-790 |
? |
- |
790-775 |
Niumateped |
- |
775-750 |
Titaru |
- |
758-750 |
Ker |
- |
750-745 |
Rudamon |
- |
745-740 |
Ankhor |
- |
740-731 |
Tefnakht |
- |
731-727 |
The XXIV was a short-lived rival
dynasty located in the western Delta
(Sais).
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Tefnakhte |
- |
727-720 |
Bakenrenef (Bocchoris) |
- |
720-715 |
Necho I |
- |
? |
Nubians
invaded and took the throne of Egypt,
establishing the XXV Dynasty.
Piankhi |
- |
730-716 |
Shabaka |
- |
716-702 |
Shebitku |
- |
702-690 |
Taharqa |
- |
690-664 |
Tanutamun |
died 653 |
664-656 |
They were ultimately driven back
into Nubia, where they established
a kingdom at Napata (656-590), and,
later, at Meroë (590 BC-4th cent.
AD).
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Psamtik I |
- |
664-610 |
Necho II |
- |
610-595 |
Psamtik II |
- |
595-589 |
Wahibre |
- |
589-570 |
Ahmose II |
- |
570-526 |
Psamtik III |
- |
526-525 |
Egypt was annexed to the Persian
Empire between 525 and 404.
The Achaemenid Shahs (Cambyses
II 529-522, Smerdis
the Usurper 522, Darius
I the Great 522-486, Xerxes
I the Great 486-466, Artabanes Artaxerxes
I Longhand 465-425, Xerxes
II 425-424, Sogdianos 424-423,
and Darius
II 423-404) were acknowledged
as pharaohs in this era, forming
a "Twenty-Seventh" Dynasty.
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Amyrteos |
- |
404-399 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Nefaarud I |
- |
399-393 |
Psammuthes |
- |
393 |
Hakor (Achoris) |
- |
393-380 |
Nefaarud II |
- |
380 |
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Nekhtnebef |
- |
380-362 |
Djedhor |
- |
362-360 |
Nakhthoreb |
- |
360-343 |
- Egypt once more under Persian
rule (Artaxerxes III 343-338)
- A Nubian revolt in Upper Egypt
under Khabbabash 338-335.
- A third Persian takeover (Darius
III), 335-332.
- Macedon conquers Persia, and
Egypt:
- Alexander
III the Great - from 332
BC to 323 BC.
- Philip III Arrhidaeus - from 323 BC.
to 317 BC.
- Alexander IV of Macedon - alone from
317 BC to 309 BC.
Name |
Comments |
Dates |
Ptolemy I Soter |
- |
305-282 |
Ptolemy II Philadelphos |
- |
285-246 |
Ptolemy III Euergetes |
- |
246-222 |
Ptolemy IV Philopator |
- |
222-205 |
Ptolemy V Epiphanes |
Upper Egypt in revolt 207-186 |
205-180 |
Ptolemy VI Philometor |
died 145 |
180-164 |
Ptolemy VII Euergetes |
died 116 |
170-164 |
Ptolemy VI Philometor |
Egypt to Seleucids 164-163.
P. VI restored |
163-145 |
Ptolemy VIII Neos Philopator |
- |
145 |
Ptolemy VII Euergetes |
Restored |
145-116 |
Ptolemy IX Soter |
died 80 |
116-110 |
Ptolemy X Alexander |
died 88 |
110-109 |
Ptolemy IX Soter |
Restored |
109-107 |
Ptolemy X Alexander |
Restored |
107-88 |
Ptolemy IX Soter |
Restored again |
88-80 |
Ptolemy XI Alexander |
- |
80 |
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos |
died 51 |
80-58 |
Berenice IV |
- |
58-55 |
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos |
Restored |
55-51 |
>Cleopatra VII |
Kills her brother to take control,
marries Mark
Anthony and then they both kill
themselves 7 years later |
51-30 |
Ptolemy XIII |
- |
51-47 |
Ptolemy XIV |
- |
47-44 |
Ptolemy XV Caesarion |
- |
44-30 |
Egypt became a province of Rome
under Augustus
Caesar in 30 BC.
External links
Other pages inthis series.
Egypts facts and history
in brief, part 1, History, part 1
Egypts facts and history
in brief, part 2, History, part 2
Egypts facts and history
in brief, part 3, Politics
Egypts facts and history
in brief, part 4, Geography
Egypts facts and history
in brief, part 5, Economy
Egypts
facts and history in brief, part
6, Pharaos of Egypt
All text is available under the terms of the
GNU Free Documentation License.
This information is correct in 2003. E. & O.E.
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